Within each type, the methods are arranged in very rough chronological order.
* Methods of copying handwritten letters
o Manifold stylographic writer, using early "carbonic paper"
o Letter copying book process
* Mechanical processes
o Pantograph, manually operated, and can also enlarge or reduce the document
* Printing/Applied ink methods
o Printing press
o Gelatin methods (also indirect method)
+ Hectograph
+ Collography, autocopyist
+ Chromograph, Copygraph, Polygraph
o Flexography
o Spirit duplicator (also Ditto machine, Banda machine)
* Lithographic processes
o Transfer lithography
o Anastatic lithography
o Autographic process
o Offset lithography
o Photolithography
* Stencil-based copying methods
o Papyrography
o Electric pen, invented by Thomas Edison
o Trypograph (also file plate process)
o Cyclostyle, Neostyle
* Stencil-based machines
o Mimeograph (also Roneo, Gestetner)
o Digital Duplicators (also called CopyPrinters, e.g., Riso and Gestetner)
* Typewriter-based copying methods
o Carbon paper
o Blueprint typewriter ribbon
o Carbonless copy paper
* Photographic processes:
o Reflex copying process (also reflectography, reflexion copying)
+ Breyertype, Playertype, Manul Process, Typon Process, Dexigraph, Linagraph
o Daguerreotype
o Salt print
o Calotype (the first photo process to use a negative, from which multiple prints could be made)
o Cyanotype
o Photostat machine
o Rectigraph
o Airgraph (also V-mail)
o Kodagraph autopositive paper
o Kodagraph repro-negative paper
o Diffusion transfer
+ Verifax, Copyproof
+ Photomechanical transfer (also PMT')
o Duostat, duoprint
o Retroflex (printing process)
o Dual spectrum process
o LightJet
o Ozalid
* Chemical processes
o Aniline process
o Cyanotype (used for blueprints)
o Diazotype (also whiteprint, ammonia print, or gas print)
* Heat-sensitivity methods
o Thermofax (also thermography)
o Eichner drycopy process
o Adherography
* Electrostatic methods
o Electrofax
o Xerography, Photocopying
* Ultraviolet-sensitivity methods
o APT process, for transferring drawings to animation cels
* Image scanning and digital printing